Pashto

REHMAT ULLAH DARD AND PASHTO GHAZAL

2024-12-19T10:49:51-05:00

Rehmatullah Dard and Pashto Ghazal

Rehmatullah Dard is a well-known name in Pashto ghazal. Despite the fusion of classical and modern thought in his work, his themes remain unique. In his ghazals, he has instinctively balanced the demands of modernity with tradition. Dard has maintained a deep and strong connection with the ghazal, incorporating themes of personal and worldly matters in a simple, gentle, and beautiful style. He blends themes of personal experience and the era with love, making romanticism the dominant mood of his ghazal. He delicately and subtly expresses the emotions of beauty and love, which are core to his romantic nature. Dard’s ghazals are well-known for their portrayal of the rose and nightingale, and themes of love and beauty. Wit, deep meaning, and keen observation are hallmarks of his craft. Besides romantic depictions of the rose and nightingale, his ghazals also express a strong love for the homeland. His work reflects Pashtun values and traditions, with subtle yet evident psychological insights that enhance the flavor of his ghazal. Although the depiction of rural life is part of romanticism, Dard’s romantic style gives this portrayal an even more heartwarming feeling.

The themes of youthful aspirations, personal tragedies, tribal identity, and the mention of art are central to his ghazals. He has also expressed mystical emotions related to secrets and spiritual connections in a romantic language. In addition to the sorrow of love and the hardships of life, a progressive inclination is also prominent in his ghazals. His work connects with social realism, purpose, and even revolution. In these progressive elements, social awareness, social issues, class inequalities, freedom of thought and expression, resistance, justice, humanity, war, peace, and the effects of war on Pashtun society are clearly visible. His ghazals advocate for the rights of the weak and oppressed, regardless of race, tribe, religion, or nationality. Dard’s ideas have never clashed with Islam or Pashtun values. He is an advocate of modern thinking and scientific thought. Rehmatullah Dard has raised his voice against dictatorship, imperialism, ignorance, superstition, and poverty. However, he has kept his distance from political propaganda, with his indirect, romantic, and symbolic style adding to the artistic beauty of his ghazals. His ghazals offer a psychological study of the trends of his time. Few poets of the 20th century have conveyed such profound, elevated, and inspired thoughts in a simple and natural style as Dard. His unique style elevates his ghazals to the level of idiomatic and effortless expression. His romanticism, grounded in earthly realities, and his technical mastery over the psychology of the ghazal, are hallmarks of his craft. Deeply in love with beauty, Rehmatullah Dard considers his city to be divinely inspired. The eloquence and rhetoric in his ghazals are deeply impactful, allowing him to accurately convey human emotions. This article considers all the themes present in Dard’s ghazals

The internal agony and pain of Khushal

2024-12-24T07:10:29-05:00

Abstract:

This article investigate to find out the expression of inner painful feelings of the great Khushal Khan Khattak, through his selected poetry. This study reveals the poet's masterful articulation of emotional anguish, laying bare the depths of his internal turmoil. Selected poems of Khushal Khan Khattak were studied for this analysis. The findings highlights a significant aspect of Khushal Khan's work, showcasing how his poetry serves as a powerful vessel for the expression of inner painful feelings, offering a glimpse into the poet's troubled psyche. By examining the linguistic and thematic elements that convey this inner pain, this research finds that his life was full of sorrows and difficulties. This work provides a base to the researcher for further work on the topic.

Phashtonwali And khudai Khidmattmagar Movement

2024-12-24T08:46:42-05:00

Pashtonwali is an unwritten constittion of Pashtons, that is followed up from generation to generation. Pashtons spend their daily life under this code of life. If a Pashton does not follow up the principles of Pashtonwali, it is considered a great mistake .The Khudai Khidmattgar movement was established under the leadership of Khan Abdul Ghafar Khan, who gathered more than one Lac Pashtons have to achieve some political and social achievement. In this research based article, some well-known and important values of Pashtonwali has been analyzed from the point of view of the Khudai khidmatgar Movement. How they struggled to make Pashtons maintain the principles of Pashtonwali.

A Critical Review of the short stories of Zahidu Ur Rahman Zahid’s in Malakand’s short stories literature.

2024-12-25T11:15:36-05:00

Malakand’s soil is very rich in term of literary works. This soil has given birth to a number of prominent literary personalities and the journey still continues. The literary achievements of these personalities include all aspects of Pashto literature, including fiction. The fiction writers of Malakand have done tremendous works in this regard. Fiction is called a short story but have very meaningful interpretation. Therefore, fiction is an integral part of literature having very deep understanding and reflecting societal realities. In Pashto Literature the first fiction has been written by Rahat Zakheli in 1917 titled “Kunda Jenay”. This was the start of the journey toward achievement goals of excellence in this regard. Today there are a number of fiction writers who are producing fictions reflecting realities of life including Zaid Ur Rehman Zahid. So far he has produced a collection titled “Neemgaray Khob”. Zahid may be called a very good fiction writer. His fictions reflect a very high standard of techniques. His collection consisted of eleven fictions may be called very authentic and genuine one.

Critical analysis of “Khair-ul-Bayan” and “Makhzan-e-Islam in the light of “Swat-Nama”

2024-12-31T08:50:14-05:00

Khushal Khan Khattak, Who is considered the father of Pashto, also has the honor of being the first critic of Pashto. He wrote many books of poetry and prose. He also wrote two travelogues, one of them being “Swat-nama”. Swat-nama is a poetic travelogue of Khushal, in which he expressed his opinion about the geography, economy, politics, and culture of Swat. He also criticized the religious and literary books of that time in this travelogue. Two books were very famous at that time. One was “Khair-ul-Bayan” which was written by “Pir-Roshan” and the other was “Makhzan-e-Islam” which was written by “AKhun Darwaiza”. “Khair-ul-Bayan” is the first Pashto prose book and “Makhzan-e-Islam” is the second. Khusal Khan Khattak criticized these two books in Swat-nama. This research paper sheds light on Khushal’s critical insight as depicted in his critique of the said books in Swat-Nama.

An exploratory review of the impacts of artificial intelligence on Pashto literature

2024-12-25T21:46:03-05:00

Abstract

Artificial Intelligence is one of the most amazing technologies. It is the ability of a computer program to learn and think and perform tasks more precisely than humans. AI is working in different fields of life like industries, Health care, Finance, Education etc. and making them more efficient. Along with its advantages, it is assumed to be a threat to human life in the near future. As in other fields of life there will be some positive and negative impacts of AI on Pashto literature also. It can make the inter lingual translations easier and it allows users to generate poetry and prose in Pashto language. Here both the positive and negative impacts of AI on Pashto literature is discussed in this research paper.

The importance of the magazine “Pasoon” in the development of Pashto literature.

2024-12-27T22:56:02-05:00

This research proposal explores the significance of the bi-monthly magazine "Pasoon" in the evolution of Pashto literature. Established in 2005, "Pasoon" has been instrumental in providing a platform for writers and intellectuals to showcase their work and engage in critical discussions, contributing significantly to Pashto literary journalism. The study aims to identify and analyze the literary contributions and diction of "Pasoon," evaluating its worth in contemporary poetry and prose through a case-study approach including literature review, interviews, and content analysis. The research seeks to preserve cultural heritage, promote linguistic diversity, and highlight the pivotal role of "Pasoon" in the development of Pashto literature and broader Pashto-speaking communities.

Key words Monthly Magazine Pasoon Literature Promotion

Catalogues of Pashto Books in The British Library London, United Kingdom.

2024-12-31T10:38:02-05:00

Abstract:

The British Library in London houses a variety of resources related to the Pashto language, particularly within its Asian and African collections. These resources include manuscripts, printed books, and other archival materials. Here are some highlights. Manuscript Collections: The British Library has catalogued several collections of rare Pashto manuscripts through initiatives like the Endangered Archives Programme. This includes materials from the Pashtoon region, encompassing a range of historical texts such as histories, exegetical texts, proclamations, and letters. Printed Books and Journals: Many printed books and journals in Pashto are included in the British Library’s main catalogue. While the majority are accessible online, some require consulting printed catalogues available in the Reading Rooms. Digitisation Projects: The British Library has been involved in digitisation projects that make some of its Pashto language materials available online. Research Support: For researchers, the British Library offers assistance in navigating its extensive collections. This includes access to printed catalogues, handlists, and consultation with staff in the Reading Rooms to locate specific items. .For more detailed searches, it is recommended to use the British Library’s online catalogue or visit the Reading Rooms for physical access to materials not yet digitised. Additionally, contacting the library staff can provide further guidance and ensure you find the specific resources you need.

Introduction of Mian Siraj Uddin’s Pashto Manoscript

2024-12-31T10:48:32-05:00

Mian Siraj Uddin is a poet of the classical period of Pashto Literature whose life and poetry both has not been highlighted by any scholar or researcher. It has not been referred to or mentioned by his contemporary poets or the succeeding poets of Pashto literature. Similarly, no information or details about this literary giant are found in the writings of Orientalists. The Pashto Manoscript of Mian Siraj Uddin is still lying unedited and uncompiled properly. The soul of this poet of the classical period of Pashto literature and member of Rahman Baba’s school of thought is lying in eternal peace in the literary fertile land of Dir. The Pashto Manoscript of this literary giant has been written in 1228 Hijra, which has not been edited or properly compiled so far. It will serve as a great literary discovery and revelation in the field research. This research paper will serve as the first ever academic research work which will offer a survey of his life and introduction of his Pashto Manoscript (Dewan).

A research and Critical study Of Women in Dastarnama of Khushal

2024-12-31T22:26:29-05:00

Khushal Khan Khattak is a renowned figure in Pashto literature, history, and politics. Although he was a skilled swordsman, his writing had a profound impact on his people, much like a doctor heals them. One of his most notable works is "Dastarnama," which he wrote while in prison. This book is considered a masterpiece. In "Dastarnama," Khushal Khan presents his vision of an ideal leader (Sardar) and outlines 20 essential skills and 20 key characteristics. This paper explores Khushal Khan's views on women, examining his perspectives on their role and status.

The Concept of “Janan” in Ghani Khan,s Poetry

2025-01-23T02:13:41-05:00

Abstract

Ghani Pashto, a prominent poet of the 19th century, is celebrated for his unique voice and the distinctive accent in his poetry. His works reflect a deep connection to his personal experiences and inner emotions, often expressed through spontaneous and intimate language. Ghani Khan’s poetry is marked by an individualistic approach, as he composed his verses based on his moods, exploring a variety of themes, from the spiritual to the emotional. One of the most intriguing aspects of his poetry is his use of coined terms, one of which is "Janan." This term, although conventionally interpreted as a symbol for a beloved or a romantic partner in traditional poetry, carries a dual significance in Ghani Khan's works. While he uses "Janan" to represent a virtual lover—embodying the idealized, elusive figure of love—he also employs it to refer to Allah, reflecting a profound spiritual dimension

In this article, we explore the dual nature of "Janan" in Ghani Khan's poetry. The term serves as both a metaphor for earthly love and an expression of divine devotion, blending the personal and the spiritual realms. Ghani Khan’s use of "Janan" transcends conventional boundaries of romantic poetry, offering a deeper, multifaceted perspective on love and longing. The exploration of "Janan" in his work reveals a poet who sought to harmonize the emotional and the divine, navigating between human desires and spiritual yearnings.

Through close analysis, this article examines how Ghani Khan's use of "Janan" reflects his unique worldview, where love is not confined to earthly experiences but extends to a higher, more transcendent plane. By investigating both the virtual and real imaginations of "Janan," the research sheds light on the poet's ability to weave together complex ideas of love, spirituality, and self-exploration. Ultimately, Ghani Khan’s poetry invites readers to consider love as a powerful, transformative force that connects both the material and the spiritual realms, and "Janan" serves as the key symbol that unlocks this profound exploration.

Evaluation of Alfnama in the works of Mullah Mast Zamand

2025-01-23T02:19:40-05:00

Poetry is a universal phenomena and every nation around the globe is respected and renowned by its poets and writers. Similarly, Pashtu society is mainly characterized and beautified by its poets. Amongst them, one is Mulla Mast Zamand, who is still under the shade of darkness and his name may not grace the grand halls of literary fame but whose work resonates deeply within the essence of human experience. The research mainly focused on his main work which is Alf nama and this very work is analyzed and discussed in this research article.

شاعري يوه نړی واله پيښه ده او په ټوله نړۍ کښ هر قام د خپلو شاعرانو او ليکوالانو لخوا درناوی مومي. په همدې ډول د پښتو ټولنه په ښکلي توګه د خپلو شاعرانو له خوا تعريف او ښکلا لری. د دوی په مينځ کښ ملا مست زمندهم دی چې لاتر اوسه د تيارو تر سوري لاندې دی او د هغه نوم ممکن د ادبی شهرت لوی تالارونو ته ندې رسيدلې مګر د هغه کار د انسانی تجربې جوهر کې ژور دې رزميه شاعرې سره سره په کلام کښې نورڅيزونه هم شته خودا څيړنه په عمده توګه د هغه اصلی کار باندې متمرکز ده کوم چې الف نامه ده او دا کار په دې مقاله کې تحليل او بحث شوی دي۔

Khāl” an Ancient Symbol in Aesthetic Discourse: A Historical and Folkloric Study

2025-01-23T02:23:55-05:00

This paper explores the aesthetic and cultural significance of "Khāl" (tattoo) as a symbol deeply embedded in the socio-cultural fabric of cultures in the different regions. Traditionally, women in the Pashtun society have used "Khāl" to manifest their beauty, applying it to their cheeks, foreheads, chins and wrists using indigenous techniques.The prevalence of "Khāl" in the classical, modern and folkloric poetry further highlights its cultural resonance. Songs and oral traditions from almost all parts of the Pashtun land frequently reference "Khāl" as a motif of beauty and identity. However, the advent of free market economy, emergence of cultural industry, ICTs driven mass media and modern educational system has led to a decline in this tradition, though it remains vibrant in parts of the rural and tribal settings. By examining historical accounts, folklore, and interviews with local experts, this paper highlights the evolving role of "Khāl" as an aesthetic, therapeutic, and cultural artifact in Southern Pashtun society.