Pashto

A study of Khushal Khan Khattak's Rubaiyani and economics

muhammad naqeeb — 2024-06-12

Abstarct

Khushhal Khan Khattak, who is considered to be a universal personality of Pashto poetry. Khushhal Khan Khattak was well-versed in religious studies as well as contemporary studies. In his poetry and prose, you will find all topics related to life in abundance. If you study his "Rubayat" carefully, you will know that Khushal Khan Khattak was well aware of economics as well as other sciences of his time, and like Alfred Marshall, Keynesian and John Walker, the production of wealth, the distribution of wealth, only They were very familiar with 'wealth' meaning land, labor, capital and organization.

Apart from explaining the methods of earning, investing and saving wealth, you have explained economic and non-economic objects in very simple language in your Rubayat, which presents Khushal Khan Khattak as a wise economist in his time.

A research based study of the phonological features of South-east varieties with the reference of consonants sounds

mir hassan khan — 2024-06-12

Pashto, which is a very ancient language, belongs to the eastern Iranians group of the Indo-erupain language family. Pashto is not only spoken in a wide area, but the number of speakers (linguistic group) is also very large. This is also the reason that this ancient language has dozens of regional varieties and several major dialects such as south-west (kandhanri), south-east (Southern Pashtonkhwa), north-west (centeral Ghilzis), north-east (Ningarhari/Peshawri/Yousafzai), centeral (Karalani) and Tarino (Waɳeʦi). the South-east dialect, which is also mentioned as part of the South-west dialect (Kandahari dialect) in some literary works and discusions, has such special phonological and others linguistics features that it can be considered a separate dialect despite some similarities. this dialect (South-east varieities) is spoken in the extreme southeastern parts (Southern Pashtunkhwa) of the Pasthto speaking area. in this research paper, a research based study has been made the special phonological features of this dialect (South-east dialect) wtih the reference of consonants sounds. and those special phonological features have been brought under investigation that can be considered special for this dialect.

Anglicism in Pashto

Riaz Ahmad . — 2024-06-12

This paper explores the influence of English on Pashto, focusing on Pashto media, including TV and social media. It analyzes Anglicisms in terms of loan words and code-switching. It uses a qualitative content analysis approach and focuses on descriptive research to explore Anglicisms in Pashto media, including selected TV show episodes and social media content. It uses non-probability purposive sampling to examine types and contexts of Anglicisms in these media sources. More code-switching than loan words is found. This shows Pashto speakers prefer integrating English for style and communication. The paper discusses Anglicisms like ‘retire’, ‘chairman’, and ‘election’ in Pashto media. It considers the impact of global English media and the need for precise communication. Code-switching examples show a bilingual trend and a shift to global communication styles among Pashto speakers. The study highlights significant changes in the Pashto language. These changes are influenced by global trends, societal changes, and media exposure. They raise important issues about cultural identity and language preservation. This is especially relevant for young, urban, educated Pashto speakers. The paper provides insights into language use in media and contributes to the broader discourse on language evolution in globalization. The study recommends maintaining a balance between embracing global linguistic trends and preserving linguistic heritage.

The critical analysis of the Pashto Short Stories, Da Rahat Afsanay

Dr Nasrullah Khan — 2024-06-12

Pashto fiction has its roots in the pre-division of the Hindostan , Sub- continent. When the British Empire was established the whole sub-continent was under the influence of their policies. The area was influenced politically, culturally and that change was also felt here in the literature. Most of the writers who were studying the Western literature got influence for the local literature. Most of the western genres has come here through Urdu to Pashto. The way they translated and got influence from western literature was that way which was followed by Urdu and Hindi writers. In other words the fiction of that specific time period has same plots and same themes because they were reproducing the ideas of each other’s. Pashto fiction was also in the same flow. There are some specific names in the fiction in Pashto literature that created fiction as their own way of style. In those one is the name of Rahat Zakhaili. Who is the first fictionist of Pashto, wrote Kwanda Jinaye, the first short story of Pashto in 1917 AD. . we are going to discuss the fictions of the said writer collected by Prof. Afzal Raza with the name of Da Rahat Afsanay. We are going to view critically those fictions and reach to the result that those fictions, Short stories are the milestone for Pashto Fiction.

Exploration of Floods in Pashto Poetry: A Brief Historical and Analytical study

Noor ul Basar Aman — 2024-06-12

Pashto literature encompasses a diverse array of themes, reflecting various facets of life. Among these themes, natural calamities such as rains and floods feature prominently. When water surpasses its usual volume, it transforms into a flood, often resulting in widespread devastation. Floods have occurred at different times in Pakhtunkhwa, causing significant human and financial losses. These tragic events have found expression in the works of poets, adding to the richness of Pashto literature. This research paper investigates the poetry dedicated to the subject of floods within Pashto literature.

Critical Critical Analysis the Reformative Poetry of Fazal Rahim Saqi

Syed Zafar Ullah Bakhshali — 2024-06-12

The poetry of Fazal Rahim Saqi has many dimensions. He has discussed social, moral and political issues in his poetry. The prominent aspect of his poetry is social reformations and didacticism. He has not only pointed out numerous social issues and problems but also described their solution. In his reformative poetry he has discussed social values and social behaviors. He wants social reforms through peaceful and nonviolent ways. In his themes of social rearms, nonviolence and social tolerance are dominant themes. This article describes the reformative aspects of his poetry.

The Reflection of Aestheticism in the Poetry of Kazim Khan Shaida

Muhammad Jawad — 2024-06-23

ABSTRACT:

Kazim Khan Shaida is one of the prominent Pashto classical Poet belongs to the Hameed Baba’s School of thoughts. He used Hindi style throughout his poetry. He is famous for representing Aestheticism in his poetry. He is mostly impressed by Persian poetry; therefore, most of his poetry reflects the same genres as used by Persian poets. Kazim Khan Shaida has deeply observed and experienced beauty& idealistic ideas transferred from Persian poetry. He is also famous for representing subjectivism & objectivism. Reflecting expressionism is one of the other specialties of his poetry. In this paper beside this other his specialties like Romantic terms will also be discussed and analyzed in depth.

ACRPWPFS A short critical review of published works on Pashtun folk songs

Mohammad Rahman Rahmani — 2024-06-24

There are a lot of various types of literary classes in the wide field of Pashto Folklore, that each of them has high literary value. In this section of literature is one oral material which is called narration (Nakal). Some Pashtuns refer it as story and riddle, which represents Pashtuns’ life informative sections. Habits and sometimes superstition issues as riddle.

The speaker of this folkloric literature is not known and transformed orally from generation to generation by the passage of time. Narrations in addition to amusement and entertainment keeps the Pashtuns’ historical events with own self.

In this article a brief view is presented on the introduction and literature position. As follows a short view is presented on the authors who collected this valuable literature part from the among of the nations and published in their publications, their publications.

In accordance with this issue there are eleven various publications are available, which are from Afghanistan, Pakhtunkhwa, South Pakhtunkhwa and as well the publications of eastern professors which are specified for Pashto narrations. As a result, besides the introduction of every publication, content, literature value and Method is explained and finally the used references are listed.

An Introduction of Different Manuscripts of Rahman Baba in the British Library, London and The John Rylands Library, Manchester, United Kingdom

Muhammad Aftab — 2024-06-24

ABSTRACT:

Different Manuscripts of Sufi poet Abdur Rahman are found in British Library London and The John Rylands Library Manchester United Kingdom. These Pashto Manuscripts were first time recorded in British Museum Catalogue on 1893 by James Fuller Blumhardt in the “Hindi, Panjabi, Sindhi and Pushtu Printed Books, in the Library of the British Museum by J.F Blumhardt, Teacher of Bengali at the University of Oxford, and of Hindustani, Hindi and Bengali for the Imperial Institute, London”¹. Blumhardt's subsequent mentions of these manuscripts in other catalogues of 1902 & 1905^2-3. In this article I attempts to introduce these all Diwan-i-Rahman manuscripts for the first time. Introducing these Diwan-i-Rahman manuscripts to the wider scholarly community opens up avenues for research and comparative studies. By analyzing these texts, researchers can gain insight into Abdur Rahman's poetry, Sufi thought, and the cultural context in which he lived and wrote. Furthermore, comparing different versions of the manuscripts across libraries can shed light on variations in content, language, and interpretation. British Library, London: The British Library is home to a rich collection of Pashto manuscripts, including significant works like the Diwan-i-Rahman. The British Library's commitment to preserving cultural heritage ensures that these manuscripts remain accessible for generations to come. The John Rylands Library, Manchester: Another distinguished institution housing Pashto manuscripts is the John Rylands Library in Manchester. The presence of Pashto manuscripts, including the Diwan-i-Rahman, underscores the library's commitment to cultural diversity and scholarly inquiry. Together, the British Library in London and the John Rylands Library in Manchester play vital roles in preserving and promoting Pashto literature and cultural heritage through their collections of Pashto manuscripts, including the esteemed Diwan-i-Rahman.

The Romanticism in Ikramullah Gran's Ghazal

Farhad Momand — 2024-06-25

Abstract:

Ikramullah Gran's poetic oeuvre epitomizes the epitome of romance and sophistication, epitomizing the quintessence of contemporary Pashto verse. His compositions are adorned with vivid imagery, evincing a profound romantic ethos and accentuating the intricacies inherent in human sentiment and interpersonal dynamics. Through his literary corpus, Ikramullah Gran articulates sentiments of affection, serenity, and fellowship, extolling the inherent splendor of mankind and the natural milieu. Drawing inspiration from luminaries of English Romanticism such as Wordsworth, he adeptly orchestrates his poetic compositions with artistic finesse and idiosyncratic verbiage, effectively capturing the essence of quotidian existence. His poetry serves as a conduit for novel ideas and individualistic expression, enriching the poetic discourse with innovative perspectives, aesthetic allure, and penetrating insights into the human condition. Core thematic strands encompass a reverential appreciation of nature, a fervent veneration of beauty, the celebration of individuality, emotive resonance, and an abiding love for humanity.

A Comparative analysis of the concern of awakening in the verses of Gul Pacha ulfat and Qiyam udin Khadim

Abdul Basir Manzoor — 2024-06-25

Abstract:

In this study, a comparative discussion of the ideas of the two great poets and writers of the late stage of Pashto literature, which they presented for the awakening of the Pashtun people, has been discussed. The purpose of doing this research is that for the awakening of the Pashtun people, regular and coordinated work should be done and our writers should give priority to these topics in addition to blanks and letters; Because if the Pashtun people continue to remain in darkness and isolation, there is also the fear that God forbid they will be further destroyed. The value of this topic is that our new poets and Pashtun fighters will be encouraged to read it. , to work for the awakening of Pashtuns and if he works, he will make more efforts in this field. The type of this research is bibliographic, the works of Ustad Qiamuddin Khadim and Ustad Gul Pacha Alfat and the works written about them have been reviewed and studied; The poems that he said to wake up his people were selected and then compared to each other, how close or different they are in terms of thought, and then the analytical and explanatory method. By analyzing and exploring.

Keywords: Pashto Literature, Poetry, Qiamuddin Khadim, Gul Pacha Alfat, Unity.

An overview of the historical and cultural areas of Nangarhar

Mirwais Rahmani — 2024-06-26

The main title of this article is overview of the historical and cultural places of Nangarhar. In this article, the historical and cultural places of Nangarhar have been discussed. Jalalabad city is one of the historical cities of Afghanistan, which is one of the famous cities due to its greatness and antiquity, which history has proved. Due to its climatic value, it attracted the attention of the leaders of the country during the winter season and would spend the winter here.

Jalalabad is a very ancient city and historians have proven it in different eras, here the historical buildings and relics of the time of Buddhism and Kushans are still inherited, which is enough to prove the antiquity and historical tradition, but in the past The officials and officials of the time did not pay attention to these relics and cultural heritage in two years. In other countries that have historical sites and monuments, the country's income is also financed through this method. Competitors from different countries come and visit the historical monuments and sites However, there are more historical monuments and monuments in Afghanistan compared to other countries, but they have not been professionally protected and cared for

Nangarhar Province has been called the second center of Shahs after Kabul in certain stages of history, because the Shahs of that time used to come to Jalalabad in winter with government personnel and do their work here. Nangarhar has many historical places that I will introduce in this article and provide historical information about them.

represented, mainly, genres, idi The reflection of idioms in the poetry of Abdul Rauf Zahid

Lal Bad Shah — 2024-06-26

Poetry is a Universal Phenomenon. Every nation & around the globe is represented mostly by their poets. Similarly Pashto society is mainly is characterized by its poets. Amongst them one is Mr. Abd Ur Rauf Zahid belongs to Mardan District. Who remained to have a specialty in the field of Pashto poetry. He has the specialty to use different Pashto genres like idioms in his poetry. This very aspect of his poetry will be discussed and analyzed in this thesis.

Pashto Language The role of Curriculum in the promotion of Pashto language

Dr. Javed Iqbal — 2024-07-10

ABSTRACT

Pashto is an ancient language of a huge population of Pashtoon nation of the subcontinent.But, unfortunately, it could neither remain the language of power at any stage and era, nor,anyone monarch had paid considerable heed to the promotion of Pashto language at officialstage as well in curricula.Notwithstanding, an official status was conferred to Pashto language in the constitution ofmodern Afghanistan along with Persian language. While, similarly, it was officially used asstate language in the Swat State for a short period.When it comes to the British era, the colonists had too plummeted Pashto language in theirpower sway except for some contribution made by their officers.However, some candid efforts were made at personal level by a few eminent nationalists andscholars, particularly by Khan Abdul Ghafar Khan, Abdul Khaliq Khaleeq and Amir HamzaShinwari. While, at the same time some efforts at official level were also spearheaded bySahibzada Abdul Qayum and his companions for Pashto language on various stages ofeducation in the aforementioned region.When Bacha Khan established Azad Schools in the region by his personal efforts, Pashto wasthe medium of instruction in these schools. After the partition, Pashto had partially remaineda part of curriculum at different levels of government educational institutions, but still up tounsatisfactory level. This article represents the mentioned chronological scenario of Pashto language, educationand curriculum along with an analytical approach to show the real status of the language atvarious stages in British India and post-partition era.

T Textual editing of Dr Abdullah Jan an Analytical Study

Faqir Muhammad Faqir — 2024-07-10

Editing of manuscripts is a branch of research but in some aspect different and have own way because it need unique skills. For textual editor special attraction also needed. It have historical importance in literature, having own methodology and principles. The art of textual edition is work of care intelligence because behind the old manuscripts have history, culture, civilization, customs of that time. Also a unique linguistics importance and stylistic study.

Dr Abdullah Jan Abid is one of modern textual editor in modern period and have important role in editing of classic manuscripts.

A Literary Research of Folkloric Ganre; Da Shadio Badali

Noor Muhammad Khan — 2024-08-12

_{This research introduces a Folkloric Ganre of Pashto called as Da Shadio Badali. Da Shadio Badali has a spefic form which proves that it is a unique genre of Pashto folklore. The origin of this genre is from Borai, Zhob, Killa Saifullah, Ziarat and Muslimbagh (Kakaristan). It has some characteristics in its form similler to Kakarai Gharhi and Da Attan Nari as well as its lingual properties that prove its origin from the same place. This ganre is specific to the wedding cerimonies, customs and traditions relivant to marriage. According to the form it has only one type, the three line, every line of which has about eight syllables, and a third stressed syllable in each foot. If we consider the lyrics, Da Shadio Badali have so many lyrics and rhyms. Themetic side if it is limited to domestic level. Pashton women has given this genre to Pashto folklore.}

د فضل احمد غر تعارف

Usama Khan . — 2024-08-12

ABSTRACT:

Fazal Ahmad Ghar is a prominent poet of the twentieth century in Pashto literature. As a poet, he has written a number of Pashto poetry genres. This research paper attempts to analyze his personal life, family, tribe, education, and business; it also elaborates on the views of contemporary scholars.