The Pashton’s Gāṇe (Jewels) in Khoshal Khan Khattak’s Poems

Abstract

Khoshal Khan Khattak is a prominent personality in the history of Pashto literature. It has been 340 years since he has passed away, and there has not still been anyone in Pashto literature to be a well-known poet like him in terms of quality and quantity. The Khushal Khan poetry is covering the different aspects such as history, geographical, medical, political, ethical, religion, and other hundreds of issues have reflected in it. He has explained on life, arts, tribes, beauties, clothes, and other things of Pashtons and has mentioned them in his poems. In this paper, those Gāṇe (Jewels) have been identified, which Khushal Khan has mentioned in his poems: for instance, ogai, bāhoo, bisra, pāwli, pāilo, pezwān, ṭeeck, jawāwәle, čārgwәl, saṛәy, halqay, dookdokai, γamai, γotyālee, kaṭmāla, kwәnjәka, gwәtma, laṛ (laṛai), lashtai, lawangin, mәshkәṇe, manni, nәta, washai, Hār and Hickal. These Jewels are according its structure are two types: Metallic Jewels and Non-metallic Jewels. So, in this paper, only metallic Jewels will be identified.